Found insideThe term reinforcement in this and other cases is not an explanation ; it is a name for a particular type of behavioral relation ( Catania , 1968 , 1969 ) . If a response produces a consequence and thereby increases in likelihood , then the term ... Found inside – Page 126At this point I want to introduce still another term : reinforcement . If a response by an animal leads to the presentation of a stimulus , that response ... Found inside – Page 218... to explain many long-term effects of reinforcement, e.g., why responding to a ... (i) Response competition Operant responses mutually inhibit each other ... Found inside – Page 49visual stimulus is selected out is a measure of the reinforcement by that stimulus of ... reinforcement to the previously neutral stimulus (in other words, ... Found inside – Page 210Continuous reinforcement leads to most rapid acquisition of new responses, but operants are maintained most economically ... In short-term memory a perception or image may be maintained by auditory rehearsal of the encoded version. Found inside – Page 214Given that reward is a synonym for positive reinforcement and that negative ... Most students also assume that other organisms feel and respond as they do. Found insideThe word “associating” is agential, implying a behavior that is chosen by the ... In other words, if every fifth response is scheduled for reinforcement and ... Found inside – Page 287repetition of the sound leads to a lack of the initial response pattern. ... At this point I want to introduce still another term: reinforcement. Found inside – Page 314Another term for reinforcement is reward . Psychologists are now generally agreed that learning takes place only when an act or response is reinforced , that is , the act is followed by some event which serves as a satisfying stimulus , a ... Found inside – Page 28Pecking at a target , for example , is reinforced ( rewarded ) with food . Reinforcement is not , however , synonymous with reward in other contexts . Found inside – Page 314Another term for reinforcement is reward . Psychologists are now generally agreed that learning takes place only when an act or response is reinforced , that is , the act is followed by some event which serves as a satisfying stimulus , a ... Found inside – Page 202With positive reinforcement the response probability increases ; with negative reinforcement the probability decreases . Experiments on ... Another model of learning is provided by a synaptic phenomenon called long - term potentiation ( LTP ) . Found inside – Page 111Variable reinforcement occurs ( e.g. , after the third , sixth , then second response , and so on ) . ... used synonymously with the term reward ; however , some workers make this distinction : Responses are reinforced ; individuals are rewarded . Found inside – Page 18Define the following terms: a) the operant extinction procedure b) the operant ... on the other hand, gains control over the occurrence of a response ... Found insideReynolds (1961) introduced the term DRO as reinforcement for not emitting a previously reinforced response for x period of time. He further specified that ... Found inside – Page 173Technical term: Technical termi Negative reinforcement Response Cost consequence). If this consequence is positively reinforcing, we may expect the child to ... Found inside – Page 9Another term for this is magnitude response. In its most common usage, the frequency response describes the usable range of signal frequencies which the ... "This major reference work breaks new ground as an electronic resource for students, educators, researchers, and professionals. Found insideThe strength of an abstract tact reflects its history of reinforcement. ... It is therefore a more “difficult” response to make or, in other words, ... Found insideAnother term, response generalization, refers to a situation in which the subject ... Finding, allowing and reinforcing new ways (that are not problematic ... Found inside – Page 2401 ) where x is the rate of response X , R ( x ) obtained reinforcement rate for that response , k a scale constant equal to the ... because when the reinforcement - ratio term on the right - hand side ( the term in { } ) is greater than 1 , the other term ... Found inside – Page 305Note : this is a technical and limited use of a common word which is often used broadly , synonymous with “ idea ” and ... Reinforcement . The process in which some stimulus , presented immediately following a response , increases the rate at ... Found inside – Page 239Isn't reinforcement just another term for reward? Not exactly, because rewards do not always increase responding. If you give chocolate to a child as a ... Found inside – Page 244Matching, x/y = R (x)/R (y), can immediately be deduced for two similar, concurrently reinforced responses, since k and ... because when the reinforcement -ratio term on the right-hand side (the term in { } ) is greater than 1 , the other term (in ... Found inside – Page 271Advocates of the reinforcement orientation have extensively examined the effects of different types of reinforcement schedules ... In other words , if a particular stimulus signals that a reinforcer can be earned by engaging in a specific response ... Found inside – Page 16Resolving any of these conflicts usually involves choosing a response that satisfies the strongest of the motives . ... This definition does not negate the importance of physical development . Physical ... Another form of reinforcement is called negative reinforcement , when the removal or absence of some stimulus increases or ... Found inside – Page 165The process of reinforcing one response and neglecting to reinforce other responses in that same class is called " differential ... They have argued that research designed to yield results in terms of means and standard deviations obscures ... Found inside – Page 1271... that are not clearly homologous with primitive mammalian tooth cusps. accidental reinforcement Another term for adventitious reinforcement. acetabulum A ... Found inside – Page 252Therefore, under this kind of reinforcement, a response is more likely to occur. Other generalized conditioned reinforcers are attention, approval and ... Found inside – Page 18This definition is subsequently refined by the additional provision that the ... to discriminated stimulus, reinforcement, and other verbal responses. Found inside – Page 104Another term which must be understood is that of reinforcement . An event which ... For a human learner , the knowledge that a response is correct is reinforcing . In some ways , we can use reward and reinforcement as synonyms . The first ... Found inside – Page 211The term `reinforcement' has origins in Ivan Pavlov's early ... with dogs that were inadvertently conditioned to salivate in response to a signal as much as ... Found inside – Page 88Although not precisely synonymous , the term operant conditioning is sometimes used in place of instrumental learning . ... is called , its important feature is that a response by the learner is instrumental in producing a reinforcing stimulus . Found inside – Page 9Reinforcement schedules. The term schedule of reinforcement refers to the pattern of response consequences and has a powerful effect on the learning of new ... Found inside – Page 43Four different stratification schemes will be considered , based on response commonality , functional commonality , behavior covariation ... Two issues warrant our careful attention to Miller and Dollard's use of the term " response hierarchy " . Found inside – Page 406Top panel: food reinforcement probabilities as a function of ... available for the next response (“armed” is another term that has been used for setup). B. F. Skinner titled this book, Contingencies of Reinforcement, after the heart of his science of behavior. Found inside – Page 48Responding on each of two nose-poke recesses was reinforced using a fixed ratio ... Lever press rates reflect acquisition of a new response, while nose poke ... Found inside – Page 102I use the term differentiated reinforcement as the process of applying ... where fluctuation between different levels or responding is quite normal. At first glance, the book appears to be an atlas of schedules. And so it is, the most exhaustive in existence. This book traces the development of learning theory in Psychology. Found inside – Page 12Finally , another important aspect of the learning of any skill is the provision of reinforcement for correct responses . Simply put , reinforcement is a process by which the making of a response is in some very general sense of the term satisfying ... Found inside – Page 213The second kind of stimulus control is closer to the original meaning of the term ... which signals that a response-reinforcement contingency is in force. Found inside – Page 221the different sources of control shifting somewhat from situation to situation. ... for different responses; responding is also affected by the different ... Found inside – Page 300Definition of Reinforcement The term reinforcement is conceptually related to the psychological process of motivation , which was covered in the preceding chapters . There is a ... Reinforcers under a behavioristic perspective are external , environmental events that follow a response . ... Thus , the perspectives and explanation of behavior as being due to motivation and reinforcement are quite different . Found inside – Page 17... Skinner ' s use of the term “ reinforcement ” is primarily descriptive ; that is , it describes a relationship between a response and an ... In other words , the boy ' s behavior is more likely to be polite on future occasions when requesting money ... Found inside – Page 169Response bias occurs when the response alternatives require different ... law is stated in terms of rates of responding and reinforcement averaged over the ... It is, the knowledge that a response by the learner is instrumental in producing a reinforcing.... Aspect of the motives 214Given that reward is a... found inside Page. ; however, some workers make this distinction: responses are reinforced ; individuals are rewarded feature is that response! A perception or image may be maintained by auditory rehearsal of the encoded version, Contingencies reinforcement! Magnitude response b. F. Skinner titled this book traces the development of learning theory in Psychology which... for human. 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